Petra

Jordan’s legendary rock-cut city

Petra, also known as the “rose city” for the unique color of its cliffs, is an archaeological treasure that combines eastern and western elements. Founded as a funerary city by the Nabataeans, it became a prosperous trading center between Arabia and the Mediterranean, flourishing as a wealthy and prosperous city thanks to its strategic location on trade routes.

When I first visited petra, I was under the impression that it was just 1 structure, (The Treasury) based on my ignorance and the many pictures I had seen online. My research and experience there made me realize Petra is in reality an actual city, with many things to see. The city itself covers 102 square miles (264 square kilometers), which is roughly the size of 50,000 football fields or four times the size of Manhattan. I made the mistake of just allocating one day for it, and I missed some stuff, even tho I walked non-stop. I would recommend to allocate at least 2 full days to discover the ancient city in full. A guide would also be recommended (you can hire them at the location), as they can explain you in detail each structure and ruins.

The history of Petra

Petra was established as early as the 4th century BCE by the Nabateans, a nomadic Arab tribe, when they carved tombs, tunnels, dams and canals into the red sandstone of the desert. Petra flourished as a bustling trade hub due to its strategic location along major caravan routes linking Arabia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean. The Nabateans harnessed their engineering prowess to construct an intricate network of water channels and reservoirs, enabling the city to thrive in the arid desert environment. Petra’s remarkable architecture is exemplified by the iconic Treasury (Al-Khazneh) and the Monastery (Ad-Deir). Over centuries, Petra faced conquest by the Romans and later the Byzantines, leading to a gradual decline and eventual obscurity.

Although only 15% of this “lost city” has been discovered, 85% remains underground and intact. Rediscovered in 1812 by Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt, Petra is now celebrated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and has been one of the New Seven Wonders of the World since 2007.

Does someone still lives in Petra?

Today, the ancient city of Petra is primarily an archaeological site and no longer serves as a residential area. However, the surrounding region is home to the Bedouin communities, particularly the B’doul tribe, who have historical ties to Petra. Many Bedouins were originally cave dwellers in Petra, living in the rock-cut tombs and structures until the 1980s when the Jordanian government relocated them to the nearby village of Umm Sayhoun to preserve the site. Despite this relocation, the Bedouins maintain a strong connection to Petra, often working as guides, craftsmen, and vendors.

When to Visit Petra

The best time to visit Petra is during the spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November), when the weather is mild and pleasant. During these seasons, temperatures are comfortable with daytime highs averaging around 20-25°C (68-77°F) and cooler evenings.

Avoid visiting during the scorching summer months (June to August) when temperatures soar, often exceeding 40°C (104°F). Likewise, winters (December to February) can be chilly, especially in the early mornings and evenings, although daytime temperatures are suitable.

How long should I visit petra for

For a comprehensive exploration of the site, including its main monuments and hiking trails, plan to spend at least two full days in Petra. This allows ample time to visit iconic landmarks such as the Treasury, the Monastery, and the Royal Tombs, as well as to hike the scenic trails to viewpoints like the High Place of Sacrifice and the Al-Khubtha Trail.

However, if you have limited time, it’s still possible to see the highlights of Petra in a single day, (like I did) but with a more condensed itinerary, and kind of rushing it.

Where to stay in Petra

Where to stay in Petra will depend on how long you are planning to stay. In my case, I only stayed for a day, so I came from Amman and then move on to Wadi run. In case you are thinking on exploring Petra for more than a day, Wadi Musa, which is the town around petra, offers many hotels for all kind of budgets. For a unique experience, consider staying at a Bedouin camp.

Should I get a guide?

It really just depends on your interests. Guides are knowledgeable about the history, culture, and significance of Petra, and they can provide valuable insights and context as you explore the ancient city. They can also help navigate the complex maze of trails and monuments.

However, whether or not to hire a guide ultimately depends on your preferences, budget, and level of interest in learning about Petra’s history. If you prefer to explore independently, Petra is well-signposted, and information is readily available at visitor centers and on-site plaques.

How much does it cost to enter petra?

The entrance fee for a one-day visit to Petra for foreign tourists is 50 JOD, (70 USD). There are other ticket options available, including a two-day pass and a three-day pass, which offer better value if you plan to spend more time exploring Petra.

If you purchase the Jordan Pass, which includes entry to many tourist sites across Jordan, including Petra, your entry fee to Petra will be included.

What to bring to Petra

I would recommend bringing comfortable walking shoes, since you will probably walk the entire day through rocky paths and steep ascents. Also sunscreen, a hat, and your camera or smartphone.

Cash is handy for purchasing stuff or tipping guides, as most places won’t take credit cards

You can find many vendors in petra, selling water, sodas, tea, snacks, souvenirs and crafts. Just please keep in mind, it might be a bit more expensive than in other places, as it is mostly for tourists visiting the city.

What to wear in Petra

Although we talked about the modest dress code for Jordan, Petra is so full of tourists and so hot than most people don’t care about this when they are visiting. I saw everything from people walking all covered up to tourists wearing shorts and short sleeve shirts. In my case, I wore pants and a short sleeve shirt to petra. I would recommend to dress light and comfortably as you are going to be walking a bit deal under the sun, without exposing too much.

Still got questions? Check our what to wear in Jordan guide!

Places to see in Petra

Below I’m explaining some of the most important things to see in Petra. Please keep in mind, this does not cover everything.

The Siq

The Siq in Petra is a narrow gorge that serves as the dramatic entrance to the ancient Nabatean city. Stretching for about 1.2 kilometers (0.75 miles), the Siq is flanked by towering sandstone cliffs that rise up to 80 meters (262 feet) high. Walking through the Siq is an awe-inspiring experience as its winding path reveals beautiful rock formations, ancient carvings, and remnants of water channels. The journey culminates with the view of Al-Khazneh (The Treasury), Petra’s most iconic monument.

The Treasury

The Treasury, or Al-Khazneh, is Petra’s most iconic monument. Carved directly into the rose-red sandstone cliff face, this majestic structure stands at approximately 39 meters (128 feet) high and 25 meters (82 feet) wide. Originally built as a royal tomb in the 1st century AD, the Treasury showcases a blend of Hellenistic and Nabatean architectural styles.

The theather

The theater in Petra was carved directly into the rock face during the 1st century AD. The theater could accommodate around 8,500 spectators. Its design showcases a blend of Nabatean and Roman architectural influences, (although it was built by the Nabateans, not the roman) featuring a semi-circular auditorium, tiered seating, and a central stage.

High Place of Sacrifice

The High Place of Sacrifice in Petra is one of the ancient city’s most significant and evocative religious sites. This sacred platform can be reached by a steep climb of over 800 steps, offering stunning panoramic views of Petra and its surrounding landscapes. Dating back to the 1st century BC, the site was used by the Nabateans for ceremonial rituals, including animal sacrifices. The High Place of Sacrifice features two obelisks, believed to represent the Nabatean gods Dushara and Al-Uzza, and a large altar with a carved basin for collecting blood.

The Monastery

The Monastery, or Ad-Deir, is one of Petra’s largest monuments, rivaling the famed Treasury in grandeur. Carved into the sandstone cliffs in the 3rd century BC, the Monastery stands at approximately 50 meters (164 feet) high and 45 meters (148 feet) wide.

Its impressive façade features a large central doorway flanked by columns and decorative elements that reflect a blend of Hellenistic and Nabatean architectural styles. Reaching the Monastery requires a strenuous climb of about 800 steps. Once believed to be a Nabatean tomb, the site later served as a Christian monastery.

Urn Tomb

The Urn Tomb in Petra was constructed in the 1st century AD, it is named after the large urn that adorns the top of its façade. The tomb is carved into the cliff face and features an imposing colonnaded terrace, a large central chamber, and a series of smaller rooms that once served various ceremonial purposes. The Urn Tomb was later repurposed as a Byzantine church in the 5th century AD, adding another layer of historical depth.

Royal Tombs

The Royal Tombs in Petra are a cluster of funerary monuments, and is situated on the eastern cliff face of the city. These tombs include the Urn Tomb, the Silk Tomb, the Corinthian Tomb, and the Palace Tomb, each distinguished by intricate carvings and facades. Constructed between the 1st century BC and the 2nd century AD, these tombs were designed to house the remains of Petra’s elite.

Colonnaded Street

The Colonnaded Street was constructed during the 1st century AD under Roman influence. This grand avenue stretches through the center of Petra, flanked by rows of columns that once supported covered walkways. The street was lined with shops, markets, and public buildings, serving as a hub for trade and daily activities. Today, remnants of these structures and the street’s original paving stones offer a glimpse into the city’s prosperous past.

Obelisk Tomb & Bab as siq triclinium

The Obelisk Tomb, dating back to the 1st century AD, is named for the four towering obelisks that crown its façade, symbolizing the eternal connection between heaven and earth.

Nearby, the Bab as-Siq Triclinium, also known as the Triclinium of the Royal Tombs, features a rock-cut dining area adorned with intricate carvings and reliefs. Both monuments are located near the entrance of Petra’s Siq, serving as imposing gateways to the ancient city.

Petra Church

Dating back to the 5th century AD, this church is located near the Royal Tombs, and features a basilica-style layout with a central nave and side aisles, along with intricate mosaic floors depicting geometric patterns, biblical scenes, and Christian symbols. Excavations at the site have uncovered remnants of a baptistery, a courtyard, and various chapels.

Djinn Blocks

These massive stone blocks, located near the entrance of the Siq, are believed to have been left unfinished by the Nabateans. However, their exact purpose and origin remain a subject of debate among historians and archaeologists. Some theories suggest that they were intended for use in a monumental construction project, while others speculate that they may have been part of a quarrying or sculpting operation. The name “Djinn Blocks” derives from local Bedouin folklore, which attributes their creation to supernatural beings.

The Great Temple

Dating back to the 1st century BC, this imposing structure served as the focal point of religious and civic life in Petra. The Great Temple complex includes a monumental staircase, a large courtyard, and various chambers and halls adorned with intricate architectural details and decorative elements. Excavations at the site have revealed evidence of religious rituals, including altars, sacrificial pits, and inscriptions dedicated to Nabatean gods.

Are you ready to start discovering Jordan?

I decided to book a tour when I went to Jordan and they simplified my planning and enhanced my travel experience ! I’m leaving the link to the tour below in case you are interested!

Are you ready to start discovering Jordan?

I decided to book a tour when I went to Jordan and they simplified my planning and enhanced my travel experience ! I’m leaving the link to the tour below in case you are interested!